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Philosopher
Theorist of nonviolent resistance — satyagraha, ahimsa and Indian self-rule
Indian National Congress · India · d. 2 October 1869 (Porbandar, Bombay Presidency, British India) — 30 January 1948 (assassinated, New Delhi, India)
A lawyer turned leader of India's independence movement who made nonviolence a disciplined political method. Hind Swaraj (1909) rejected industrial civilisation and British rule alike; satyagraha, his truth-force, mobilised mass civil disobedience from the 1930 Salt March onwards. Rooted in ahimsa, his thinking shaped Martin Luther King and later rights campaigns. He was shot dead by a Hindu nationalist in New Delhi on 30 January 1948.
Mahatma Gandhi was born on 2 October 1869 and Gilbert Simondon on 2 October 1924: one made non-violence a political method, the other rethought what a machine is. The same day gives the birth of Swami Abhedananda and of Wallace Stevens, and the death of Marcel Duchamp.
Mahatma Gandhi, Gilbert Simondon
